Dash Cam

Kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su don samar da tushen kimiyya don kula da haɗarin mota

Ayyukan gabatar da bidiyo da sauti a cikin ainihin lokaci yana ba da ƙarin tushen kimiyya don mu'amala da daidaita hadurran ababen hawa, kuma yana ba da cikakken garantin dukiyoyinmu da amincin rayuwa.

Aiki

1. Samar da tabbataccen shaida don nazari da yanke hukunci kan hadurran ababen hawa.

2. Ya dace da direbobi da fasinjoji don duba halin da ake ciki a cikin mota.

3. Samar da dalilin tunkarar rigimar fasinja a cikin mota, gano batattu da aka samu, hana fashi da sata.

4. Samar da kula da yanayin ciki da wajen mota don samar da garantin tsaro don tukin abin hawa.

Ayyuka

Wani irindash camyana da kyau?Ana iya bincika aikin kamara daga abubuwa masu zuwa:

1. Sensor

CCD da CMOS na'urori masu auna firikwensin wani muhimmin bangare ne na kamara mai juyawa, wanda za a iya raba shi zuwa CCD da CMOS bisa ga sassa daban-daban.Ana amfani da CMOS galibi a cikin samfuran da ke da ƙarancin ingancin hoto.Amfaninsa shine farashin masana'anta da yawan wutar lantarki sun yi ƙasa da na CCD.Rashin hasara shine kyamarori na CMOS suna da buƙatu mafi girma don tushen haske;Ya zo tare da katin ɗaukar bidiyo.Akwai babban gibi tsakanin CCD da CMOS ta fuskar fasaha da aiki.Gabaɗaya magana, CCD ya fi kyau, amma farashin kuma ya fi tsada.Ana ba da shawarar zaɓar kyamarar CCD ba tare da la'akari da farashi ba.

2. Tsara

Tsabtatawa yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman alamomi don auna kamara.Gabaɗaya magana, samfuran da ke da ma'ana mafi girma za su sami ingancin hoto mafi kyau.Kayayyakin da ke da ƙudurin layukan 420 sun zama samfuran na yau da kullun na kyamarori masu juyawa, kuma ana iya zaɓar layi 380 idan daidaitawar yana da kyau.Akwai mafi kyawun kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da layin 480, layin 600, layin 700, da sauransu. matakin ɗaya na iya bambanta.Hakazalika, shi ma ya dogara da irin nau'in ruwan tabarau.Lens ɗin da aka yi da kayan aiki masu kyau zai sami sakamako mafi kyawun ɗaukar hoto.Akasin haka, tasirin hangen nesa na dare na samfuran ma'ana mai girma za a ɗan rage kaɗan.

3. Ganin dare

Tasirin hangen nesa na dare yana da alaƙa da ma'anar samfurin.Mafi girman ma'anar, tasirin hangen nesa na dare na samfurin ba zai yi kyau sosai ba.Wannan shi ne saboda guntu kanta, amma samfurori masu kyau suna da aikin hangen nesa na dare, kuma ba za su hoton abubuwa ba.Sakamakon, kodayake launi zai zama mafi muni, amma tsabta ba matsala ba ce.Idan akwai infrared dare hangen nesa cika haske ko LED farin haske cika haske, da dare ya fi bayyane a fili da dare.

4. Rashin ruwa

Samfuran kyamarar da ke jujjuyawar ba su da ruwa

Don taƙaitawa: lokacin zabar kyamara mai juyawa, la'akari da abubuwan da ke sama, abu mafi mahimmanci shine gani da kwatanta ainihin tasirin hoton.

5. Kyamarar juyar da mota ta musamman

Motoci da yawa sun riga sun samar da kyamarori masu juyawa na musamman waɗanda za a iya amfani da su da nau'ikan sama da 500.Lokacin zabar, dole ne ka fara zaɓar kyamarar juyawa da aka keɓe ga ƙirar ku, idan ba haka ba, sannan zaɓi kyamarar gabaɗaya mai jujjuyawa.

6. Kamara ta duniya.

Babban manufar kyamarori sun haɗa da kyamarori masu ɓarna 18.5mm, ƙananan kyamarori na waje na malam buɗe ido, kyamarori na firam ɗin lasisi, kyamarori masu ɓarna 28mm, kyamarori na bas da sauran kyamarori na waje, da dai sauransu, kamar LED dare hangen nesa launi waje kamara na mota navigator.

Lens

Ruwan tabarau nadash camshine babban bangaren, kuma mabuɗin maɓalli guda huɗu kamar haka:

Tsawon hankali

Girman tsayin tsayin daka yana ƙayyade girman filin kallo.Darajar tsayin tsayin daka karami ne, filin kallo yana da girma, kuma yanayin da aka lura shima babba ne, amma abubuwan da ke nesa ba su da bambanci sosai;darajar tsayin tsayin tsayin daka yana da girma, filin kallon karami ne, kuma yanayin kallon karami ne.Muddin an zaɓi tsayin mai da hankali sosai, ko da abubuwan da ke nesa ana iya gani a sarari.Tun da tsayin tsayin daka da filin kallo suna cikin wasiƙu ɗaya zuwa ɗaya, wani tsayin tsayin daka yana nufin wani yanki na ra'ayi, don haka lokacin zabar tsayin zurfin ruwan tabarau, yakamata a yi la'akari sosai ko cikakkun bayanai na lura suna da mahimmanci. ko babban kewayon kallo yana da mahimmanci.Idan kana son ganin cikakkun bayanai, zaɓi ruwan tabarau mai tsayi mai tsayi;idan kuna son ganin babban wurin da ke kusa, zaɓi ruwan tabarau mai faɗi mai faɗi tare da ɗan ƙaramin tsayi mai tsayi.

Aperture coefficient

Wato, fiɗa mai haske, wanda F ke wakilta, ana auna ta da rabon tsayin f na ruwan tabarau zuwa madaidaicin buɗaɗɗen D. Kowane ruwan tabarau ana yiwa alama mafi girman ƙimar F, misali, 6mm/F1.4 yana wakiltar matsakaicin budewa na 4.29 mm.Hasken hasken ya yi daidai da murabba'in ƙimar F, ƙaramar ƙimar F, mafi girman fitowar haske.Ma'auni na ma'auni na jerin buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen a kan ruwan tabarau sune 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, da dai sauransu. Ka'idar ita ce bayyanawa a ƙimar daidaitattun da ta gabata daidai 2 na ɗaukar hoto daidai. zuwa ƙimar daidaitattun ƙima.sau.Wato madaidaicin buɗaɗɗen ruwan tabarau shine 1/1.4, 1/2, 1/2.8, 1/4, 1/5.6, 1/8, 1/11, 1/16, 1/22, wanda ya gabata. darajar ita ce Tushen ƙimar ƙarshen shine sau 2, don haka ƙarami index ɗin buɗewa shine, mafi girman buɗewar buɗaɗɗen, kuma hasken da ke kan farfajiyar hoto shima ya fi girma.Bugu da kari, budewar ruwan tabarau ya kasu kashi hannun hannu (MANUAL IRIS) da budewar atomatik (AUTO IRIS).An yi amfani da shi tare da kamara, buɗewar hannu ta dace da lokatai inda haske ba ya canzawa da yawa.Ana daidaita shigar da haskensa ta hanyar zoben budewa a kan ruwan tabarau, kuma ana iya daidaita shi lokaci guda har sai ya dace.Ruwan tabarau na auto-iris zai daidaita ta atomatik yayin da hasken ya canza, kuma ana amfani dashi a waje, ƙofar shiga da sauran lokuta inda hasken ke canzawa sosai kuma akai-akai.

Auto iris ruwan tabarau

Akwai nau'ikan ruwan tabarau na iris na atomatik guda biyu: ɗayan ana kiransa nau'in motsi na bidiyo (VIDEO), kuma ruwan tabarau da kansa yana ƙunshe da da'irar amplifier don canza siginar girman bidiyo daga kyamara zuwa ikon sarrafa injin iris.Wani nau'in kuma ana kiransa nau'in drive ɗin kai tsaye (DC), wanda ke amfani da wutar lantarki ta DC akan kyamarar kai tsaye.Waɗannan ruwan tabarau sun ƙunshi injin buɗewar galvanometer kawai kuma suna buƙatar da'irar amplifier a cikin shugaban kamara.Ga kowane nau'in ruwan tabarau na buɗe ido ta atomatik, yawanci ana samun ƙulli guda biyu masu daidaitawa, ɗaya shine daidaitawar ALC (daidaita ma'aunin haske), akwai zaɓuɓɓuka guda biyu don ƙididdige ƙimar kololuwa da matsakaicin matsakaici gwargwadon yanayin hasken da aka yi niyya, kuma ana amfani da matsakaicin matsakaicin fayil ɗin ƙira gabaɗaya. ;Ɗayan shine daidaitawar LEVEL (hankali), wanda zai iya sa hoton fitarwa ya yi haske ko duhu.

Zuƙowa ruwan tabarau

An raba ruwan tabarau na zuƙowa zuwa jagora (MANUAL ZOOM LENS) da lantarki (AUTO ZOOM LENS).Ana amfani da ruwan tabarau na zuƙowa gabaɗaya a cikin ayyukan binciken kimiyya ba a cikin tsarin sa ido na rufewa ba.Lokacin sa ido kan babban wurin, yawanci ana amfani da kyamarar tare da ruwan tabarau mai motsi da kwanon rufi/ karkata.Amfanin ruwan tabarau mai motsi shine yana da babban kewayon zuƙowa.Ba wai kawai yana iya ganin yanayi mai yawa ba, amma kuma yana mai da hankali kan wani daki-daki.Bugu da kari, gimbal na iya juyawa sama da ƙasa, hagu da dama, kuma kewayon kallo yana da girma sosai.Ruwan tabarau masu motsi suna da girma da yawa kamar 6x, 10x, 15x, da 20x.Idan kun san tsayin mai da hankali, za ku iya ƙayyade madaidaicin kewayon tsayin mai da hankali na ruwan tabarau.Misali, ruwan tabarau mai motsi 6x tare da tsayin tushe mai tsayi na 8.5mm, kewayon zuƙowa yana ci gaba da daidaitawa daga 8.5 zuwa 51mm, kuma filin kallonsa shine digiri 31.3 zuwa 5.5.The iko irin ƙarfin lantarki na motorized ruwan tabarau ne kullum DC 8V ~ 16V, kuma matsakaicin halin yanzu ne 30mA.Saboda haka, lokacin zabar mai sarrafawa, dole ne a yi la'akari da tsawon tsawon kebul na watsawa.Idan nisa ya yi nisa sosai, raguwar wutar lantarki da layin ya haifar zai haifar da rashin iya sarrafa ruwan tabarau.Wajibi ne don ƙara ƙarfin ikon shigar da shigarwar ko maye gurbin mai watsa shirye-shiryen matrix na bidiyo don yin aiki tare da sarrafa dikodi.

Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama guda huɗu, ba shakka akwai wasu ƙananan bayanai, amma ƙwarewar waɗannan ƙididdiga guda huɗu na iya daidaitawa da amfani da ruwan tabarau yadda ya kamata.

Ƙa'idar aiki

Ana haɗa wutar lantarki ta kamara zuwa hasken wutsiya mai juyawa.Lokacin da reverse gear ke aiki, kyamarar tana aiki tare da aiki tare kuma ta shiga yanayin aiki, kuma ana aika bayanan bidiyon da aka tattara zuwa mai karɓar mara waya wanda aka ajiye a gaban motar ta hanyar watsawa mara waya.Mai karɓa yana watsa bayanan bidiyo ta hanyar AV The IN interface ana watsa shi zuwa na'urar kewayawa ta GPS, ta yadda lokacin da mai karɓa ya karɓi siginar, ko da wane nau'in aikin navigator na GPS yake, zai ba da fifiko ga allon LCD. bidiyon hoton da ke juyawa.

Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin kyamarar mota da na’urar lura da mota da na’urar DVD na mota yayin amfani da na’urar GPS mai ɗaukar hoto shi ne, lokacin amfani da na’urar lura da mota, ba ya buƙatar kunna na’urar duba mota, matuƙar na’urar na’urar tana cikin jujjuyawar gear. , zai nuna hoton kyamarar motar ta atomatik;kuma kewayawa DVD ɗin mota Gabaɗaya, hoton kyamarar motar ana iya nunawa kawai lokacin da na'urar ta kunna;Lokacin amfani da na'urar kewayawa ta GPS, hoton kyamarar motar za a iya nuna shi kawai lokacin da mai kewayawa ya kunna.

Bukatun shigarwa

A yau, tare da saurin haɓaka na'urorin lantarki na kera motoci da fasahar tsaro, kyamarorin da ke kan jirgi sun zama na'urori masu mahimmanci don amincin zirga-zirga.

Na gaba, bari mu gabatar da ƙwarewar shigarwa da gyara matsala na samfuran abin hawa.

1. Yanayin aiki na kyamarar kan jirgin akan kasuwa yana tsakanin digiri 0-50.Dalilin shi ne cewa yana cikin motar, kuma yanayin zafin jiki ya fi na talakawa masu sa ido.Babban hagu da dama na kyamarar kan jirgin shine kula da yanayin aiki na direba da ma'aikacin jirgin., da saka idanu na lokaci kwatsam, samar da kyakkyawar shaida ga hatsarori na zirga-zirga, da kuma kunna aikin baƙar fata na mota.

2. Kamara a kasuwa gabaɗaya suna da nau'ikan na'urorin ajiya iri biyu, talakawan kwamfuta hard disk da sd card.Katin sd yana da kyakkyawan juriya mai ƙarfi, amma wurin ajiya kusan awanni 8 ne kawai, kuma farashin kulawa yana da girma.Hard faifai na yau da kullun na iya tallafawa 300g, yana iya yin rikodin wata guda.

3. A gaskiya ma, ban da aikin kulawa, kyamarar motar tana da sake kunnawa na multimedia, saurin abin hawa, lambar lasifikar, saurin rufewa, bayanan direba da gps/gprs da ayyukan watsawa mara waya.

4. Saboda musamman na shigarwa, kamara mota yana da wasu bukatu lokacin shigar da shi.Yana buƙatar ƙarami a girman da haske a cikin shigarwa.Ba zai iya shafar yanayin hawan fasinja ba kuma yana buƙatar daidaitawa cikin dacewa, wanda zai shafi tasirin sa ido.Yana da juriya kadan.Abu mafi mahimmanci shine samun hasken infrared, wanda ya dace don saka idanu lokacin da hasken ba shi da kyau.Ana ba da shawarar cewa kayi amfani da ƙaramin kumfa da kyamarar conch tare da ginanniyar hasken infrared.

5. Saboda masana'antar kyamarar mota ta fara farawa, abokan ciniki ba su da babban buƙatu don wannan launi da farko, kuma farashin launi yana da tsada sosai, amma tare da haɓakar fasaha, kyamarori masu launi za su ƙara yaduwa.

6. Kudin shigar da motar bas ya hada da guda kamar haka: farashin mai masauki, farashin kyamara, hard disk, waya, farashin shigarwa, farashin kayan aiki daban-daban, farashin kyamarori daban-daban kuma daban ne, da farashin mai masaukin. kanta ya bambanta a kasuwa Yana da girman gaske.

Yanar Gizo: www.hampotech.com

E-mail: fairy@hampotech.com