Ƙarshen Jagora don Keɓance Module na Kamara

A cikin duniyar zamani, kyamarorin dijital sun zama gama gari tare da sabbin fasaha a mafi ƙarancin farashi.Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman direbobin da ke bayan gabatarwar sabuwar fasaha shine na'urori masu auna hoto na CMOS.Tsarin kyamarar CMOS ya yi ƙasa da tsada don masana'anta idan aka kwatanta da wasu.Tare da sababbin fasalulluka waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin kyamarori na zamani tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin Cmos, ɗaukar hotuna masu haske ya shahara.Babban masana'anta na kyamaraya kasance yana zuwa tare da kyamarar da aka saka tare da ƙara yawan aiki da mafi girman ƙimar ɗaukar hotuna.Na'urori masu auna firikwensin CMOS suna tabbatar da karantawa da kewayawa tare da fasalin ɗaukar hoto.Gine-ginen Pixel a zamanin yau shima ya canza sosai kuma ya taimaka wajen ɗaukar hotuna cikin kewayon inganci.Ƙarfe-oxide-semiconductor hoto na ƙarin na'urori masu auna firikwensin suna canza haske zuwa electrons, don haka a cikin na'urori na zamani, an ƙaddamar da tsarin kyamarar USB don manyan siffofi.

Menene Modul Kamara?

Module na Kamara ko Karamin Kamara Module babban firikwensin hoto ne wanda aka haɗa tare da Unit ɗin sarrafa kayan lantarki, ruwan tabarau, na'urar sarrafa siginar dijital, da Interface kamar USB ko CSI.An yi amfani da Module na kamara ko'ina cikin aikace-aikace daban-daban waɗanda suka haɗa da:

• Binciken masana'antu
• Traffic & Tsaro
• Retail & Kuɗi
• Gida & Nishaɗi
• Lafiya & Abinci

Tare da haɓaka fasahar fasaha da wuraren intanet, an inganta saurin hanyar sadarwa tare da ƙaddamar da sababbin na'urorin hoto na hoto.An yi amfani da Module na kamara sosai a cikin Waya, Tablet, PC, Robots, Drones, Na'urar Lafiya, Na'urar Lantarki, da sauran su.Haɓakar fasahar hoton hoto ya buɗe hanya don ƙaddamar da megapixel 5, 8 Megapixels, 13 Megapixel, 20 Megapixel, 24 Megapixel da ƙari.

Tsarin kamara ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa kamar

• Hoton firikwensin
• Lens
• Gudanar da Siginar Dijital
• Infrared tace
• Da'irar da'ira mai sassauƙa ko Bugawar allo
• Mai haɗawa

Lens:

Muhimmin sashi na kowane kamara shine ruwan tabarau kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ingancin hasken da ke faruwa akan firikwensin hoto kuma ta haka ne ke yanke shawarar ingancin hoton fitarwa.Zaɓin ruwan tabarau da ya dace don aikace-aikacenku kimiyya ce, kuma don kasancewa daidai yana da ƙarin abubuwan gani.Akwai sigogi da yawa daga hangen nesa da za a yi la'akari da su don zaɓar ruwan tabarau don saduwa da buƙatun aikace-aikacen, wanda ke tasiri zaɓin ruwan tabarau, kamar abun da ke ciki na ruwan tabarau, ginin ruwan tabarau ko filastik ko gilashin gilashi, ingantaccen tsayin daka, F .A'a, Filin Kallo, Zurfin Filin, Karyawar TV, Hasken Dangi, MTF da dai sauransu.

Sensor Hoto

Hoton firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin da ke ganowa da isar da bayanan da ake amfani da su don yin hoto.Sensor shine mabuɗin donModule Kamaradon sanin ingancin hoton.Ko kyamarar Wayar Waya ce ko kamara ta dijital, Sensors suna taka muhimmiyar rawa.A yanzu, firikwensin CMOS ya fi shahara kuma ya fi ƙarancin ƙira fiye da firikwensin CCD.

Nau'in firikwensin-CCD vs CMOS

CCD firikwensin - Fa'idodin CCD sune babban hankali, ƙaramar amo, da babban sigina-zuwa amo.Amma tsarin samarwa yana da rikitarwa, farashi mai yawa da kuma amfani da wutar lantarki.CMOS firikwensin - Amfanin CMOS shine babban haɗin kai (haɗin AADC tare da siginar siginar, ana iya rage girman ƙananan ƙananan), ƙananan amfani da wutar lantarki da ƙananan farashi.Amma amo yana da girman gaske, ƙarancin hankali da babban buƙatu akan tushen haske.

DSP:

Hakanan ana inganta sigogin siginar hoto na dijital tare da taimakon jerin hadadden algorithms na lissafi.Mafi mahimmanci, ana watsa sigina zuwa ma'ajiyar, ko kuma ana iya aikawa zuwa abubuwan nuni.

Tsarin tsarin DSP ya haɗa da

• ISP
• JPEG encoder
• Mai sarrafa na'urar USB

Bambanci tsakanin na'urar kamara ta USB da na'urar firikwensin kamara/CMOS moduleUSB 2.0 Module Kamara:

Na'urar kamara ta USB 2.0 tana haɗa na'urar kamara da na'urar ɗaukar bidiyo kai tsaye, sannan ta haɗa zuwa SYSTEM HOST ta hanyar kebul na USB.Yanzu ƙirar kyamarar dijital akan kasuwar CAMERA ta dogara ne akan sabon watsa bayanai na USB2.0.Kwamfuta da sauran na'urorin hannu suna haɗa kai tsaye ta hanyar kebul na USB kawai toshe kuma kunna.Waɗannan ƙorafin UVC na USB2.0 na kyamara sun dace da software na Windows (DirectShow) da Linux (V4L2) kuma basa buƙatar direbobi.

• USB Video Class (UVC) Standard
• Matsakaicin watsa bandwidth na USB2.0 shine 480Mbps (watau 60MB/s)
• Mai sauƙi kuma mai tsada
• Toshe kuma kunna
• Babban dacewa da kwanciyar hankali
• Maɗaukakin kewayo mai ƙarfi

Bayan an sarrafa shi ta software akan daidaitaccen tsarin aiki wanda ya dace da ka'idodin UVC, siginar dijital yana fitowa zuwa mai nuni.

USB 3.0 Module Kamara:

Kwatanta da na'urar kyamarar USB 2.0, kyamarar USB 3.0 tana ba da damar watsawa cikin sauri mafi girma, kuma USB 3.0 ya dace da kebul na USB2.0

• Matsakaicin watsa bandwidth na USB3.0 ya kai 5.0Gbps (640MB/s)
• Ma'anar fil 9 kwatanta da USB2.0 4 fil
• Cikakken jituwa tare da USB 2.0
• Haɗin SuperSpeed ​​​​

Module Kamara na Cmos (CCM)

CCM ko Coms Module Kamara kuma ana kiranta Ƙarfe Oxide Semiconductor Kamara Module wanda ke da ainihin na'urar sa mai amfani ga aikace-aikace daban-daban kamar kayan aikin kyamara masu ɗaukar nauyi.Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin kyamara na gargajiya, CCM yana da fasali da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da

• Miniaturization
• Ƙananan amfani da wutar lantarki
• Babban hoto
• Maras tsada

Kebul na Kamara module aiki manufa

Hoton gani da yanayin da wurin ke haifarwa ta hanyar ruwan tabarau (LENS) ana hasashe akan saman na'urar firikwensin hoto (SENSOR), sannan a canza shi zuwa siginar lantarki, wanda aka canza zuwa siginar hoto na dijital bayan A/D (Analog/Digital). ) tuba.Ana aika shi zuwa guntu mai sarrafa dijital (DSP) don sarrafawa, sannan a aika shi zuwa kwamfutar ta hanyar I/O interface don sarrafawa, sannan za a iya ganin hoton ta hanyar nuni (DISPLAY).

Yadda ake gwada kyamarori na USB da CCM(CMOS camera module)?USB Camera: (Amcap software misali)

Mataki 1: Haɗa kyamarar tare da kyamarar USB.

Mataki 2: Haɗa kebul na USB tare da PC ko wayar hannu ta hanyar adaftar OTG.

Amcap:

Bude AMCap kumaZaɓi tsarin kyamarar ku:

Zaɓi ƙuduri akan Zaɓi>> Fin ɗin Ɗaukar Bidiyo

Daidaita makomar kyamara kamar Haske, Kwangila.Farin Ma'auni.. akan Option>> Tace Bidiyo

Amcap yana ba ku damar ɗaukar hoto da bidiyo.

CCM:

CCM ya fi rikitarwa yayin da ke dubawa shine MIPI ko DVP kuma an raba DSP tare da tsarin, Yin amfani da allon adaftar Dothinkey da allon 'yar mata don gwadawa ya zama ruwan dare a samarwa:

Adaftar allon Dothinkey:

haɗa tsarin kyamarar tare da allon 'yar (pic-2).

Bude software na gwaji

Modulin kamara na ƙirar tsari na musamman

Tare da dubban ɗaruruwan aikace-aikacen ƙirar kyamara, daidaitattun samfuran kyamarar OEM ba za su iya cika kowane takamaiman buƙatu ba, don haka tsarin gyare-gyare ya zo tare da larura da shahara, kayan masarufi da gyare-gyaren firmware, gami da girman module, kusurwar kallon ruwan tabarau, nau'in mayar da hankali ta atomatik/daidaitacce. da Lens tace, don ƙarfafa ƙirƙira.

Injiniyan da ba mai maimaitawa ba gaba ɗaya ya rufe bincike, haɓakawa, ƙira don samar da sabon samfur;wannan kuma ya haɗa da farashi na gaba.Mafi mahimmanci, NRE shine farashin lokaci ɗaya wanda za'a iya danganta shi da ƙira, ƙirar sabon ƙira, ko kayan aiki.Wannan kuma ya haɗa da daban-daban don sabon tsari.Idan abokin ciniki ya yarda da NRE, to, mai sayarwa zai aika da zane don tabbatarwa bayan biya.

Abubuwan buƙatu na musamman suna gudana

1. Kuna iya ba da zane-zane ko samfurori, da kuma buƙatar takaddun shaida da haɓaka ta ma'aikatan injiniyanmu.
2. Sadarwa
3. Za mu tuntuɓar ku daki-daki don tantance ɗan samfurin da kuke buƙata kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin saita samfur mafi dacewa a gare ku gwargwadon bukatunku.
4. Samfurin Ci Gaba
5. Ƙayyade cikakkun bayanai na samfurin ci gaba da lokacin bayarwa.Sadarwa a kowane lokaci don tabbatar da ci gaba mai sauƙi.
6. Gwajin Samfura
7. Gwaji da shekaru akan aikace-aikacenku, sakamakon gwajin amsawa, babu buƙatar gyara, samarwa da yawa.

Tambayoyi ya kamata ku yi kafin keɓance tsarin kyamara Menene buƙatu?

Na'urar kyamarar USBdole ne ya sami waɗannan buƙatu.Su ne mafi mahimmancin abubuwan da ke ƙara bayanin hoto da ƙa'idar aiki mai kyau.Abubuwan da aka ƙayyade suna da kyau ta hanyar haɗawa ta hanyar CMOS da CCD hadedde da'ira.Dole ne yayi aiki bisa ga buƙatun mai amfani kuma yayi aiki azaman zaɓi na kyamara mai amfani.Zai haɗa tare da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke ƙara ingantaccen bayani don buƙatun kamara don haɗin USB.

• Lens
• firikwensin
• DSP
• PCB

Wane ƙuduri kuke so daga kyamarar USB?

Resolution siga ce da ake amfani da ita don auna adadin bayanai a cikin hoton bitmap, yawanci ana bayyana shi azaman dpi (digo a cikin inch).A taƙaice, ƙudurin kyamara yana nufin ikon kyamarar don tantance hoton, wato, adadin pixels na firikwensin hoton kyamarar.Mafi girman ƙuduri shine girman ikon kamara don warware hotuna a mafi girma, mafi girman adadin pixels a cikin kamara.30W pixel CMOS ƙuduri na yanzu shine 640 × 480, kuma ƙudurin 50W-pixel CMOS shine 800 × 600.Lambobi biyu na ƙuduri suna wakiltar raka'a na adadin maki a tsayi da faɗin hoto.Matsakaicin yanayin hoto na dijital yawanci shine 4:3.

A aikace-aikace masu amfani, idan ana amfani da kyamara don hira ta yanar gizo ko taron bidiyo, mafi girman ƙuduri, mafi girman bandwidth na cibiyar sadarwa da ake buƙata.Don haka, masu amfani yakamata su kula da wannan fannin, yakamata su zaɓi pixel wanda ya dace da samfuran nasu gwargwadon bukatun su.

The Field of view kwana (FOV)?

kusurwar FOV tana nufin kewayon da ruwan tabarau zai iya rufewa.(Lens ba zai rufe abu ba lokacin da ya wuce wannan kusurwa.) Ruwan tabarau na kamara na iya rufe fage da yawa, yawanci ana bayyana su ta kwana.Ana kiran wannan kusurwar ruwan tabarau FOV.Yankin da batun ya rufe ta hanyar ruwan tabarau a kan jirgin sama don samar da hoto mai gani shine filin kallon ruwan tabarau.Ya kamata a yanke shawarar FOV ta yanayin aikace-aikacen, Girman kusurwar ruwan tabarau, mafi fa'ida filin kallo, kuma akasin haka.

Girman kamara don aikace-aikacen ku

Manyan ma'auni waɗanda aka ƙididdige su tare da tsarin kamara sune girma, wanda ya bambanta mafi yawa don buƙatu daban-daban

dangane da girman da tsarin gani.Yana da filin kallo da tsayin mai da hankali don samun dama tare da lissafin girman abu.Ya ƙunshi tsayin nesa kuma ya haɗa da cikakken ruwan tabarau don tsari.Girman gani na ruwan tabarau dole ne ya dace da aikace-aikacen ku kuma ya dogara da na al'ada.Diamita ya bambanta gwargwadon girman firikwensin kuma yana aiwatar da murfin ruwan tabarau.Ya dogara da nau'i na vignetting ko duhu a kusurwar hotuna.

Tare da dubban ɗarurruwan aikace-aikacen ƙirar kyamara, girman ƙirar suna wakiltar abin da ya bambanta mafi yawa.Injiniyoyinmu suna da ikon haɓaka ainihin girman waɗanda zasu yi aiki mafi kyau don takamaiman aikin ku.

Farashin EAU

Farashin samfurin farashin ya dogara da ƙayyadaddun bayanai.Kyamarar USB tare da ƙaramar EAU baya bada shawara azaman na musamman.tare da Buƙatu akai-akai da buƙatun keɓancewa kamar Lens, girman, firikwensin, ƙirar kyamarar da aka keɓance shine mafi kyawun zaɓinku.

Zaɓin tsarin kyamarar da ya dace

Gabaɗaya, yawancin abokan ciniki za su mai da hankali kantsarin kyamarar damawanda ba zai taɓa sanin irin nau'in ruwan tabarau da ake buƙata don amfani da shi anan ba.Akwai adadi mai yawa na ka'idar da aka yi amfani da shi a nan don fadakar da mutane don zaɓar cikakken ruwan tabarau da kuma zaɓar ingantaccen tsarin kyamara.Lens ɗin da za ku zaɓa zai dogara gaba ɗaya akan tsarin da zaku yi amfani da shi.Saboda mafita daban-daban na firikwensin da DSP, da ruwan tabarau daban-daban na ruwan tabarau, da tasirin hoton kyamarar su ma sun bambanta sosai.Ana iya amfani da wasu kyamarori a aikace-aikace daban-daban, amma wasu za a iya amfani da su kawai a wasu takamaiman aikace-aikace don samun kyakkyawan sakamako na hoto.Wasu kyamarori masu girman tauraro na iya ɗaukar hotuna a cikin ƙananan haske, amma a farashi mai girma.

Tasiri masu tasiri:

Idan an shigar da tsarin kyamara ko kamara a cikin ofishin ku ko ƙaramin ɗakin kwana, to tsayin 2.8mm kawai zai isa a lokacin.Idan kuna son shigar da tsarin kyamara ko kamara a cikin gidan bayanku yana nufin tabbas dole ne ya buƙaci tsayin tsayin 4mm zuwa 6mm.An ƙara tsayin mai da hankali tunda sarari ya fi girma.Kuna buƙatar tsayin tsayin 8mm ko 12mm sannan zaku iya amfani da wannan a cikin masana'anta ko titi tunda sarari zai yi girma sosai.

Lokacin da kake son zaɓar tsarin kamara don hasken NIR to za'a siffanta martanin na'urar kyamarar ta musamman ta kayan ruwan tabarau ko kayan firikwensin.Na'urori masu auna firikwensin za su kasance gaba daya na tushen silicon kuma zai nuna ingantaccen amsa ga hasken NIR a cikin wani yanayi mai ban mamaki.Idan aka kwatanta da haske mai gani ko 850nm, azancin zai zama ƙarami sosai don 940nm.Duk da cewa kun sami wannan har yanzu kuna iya samun hoton yadda ya kamata.Mafi mahimmancin ra'ayi da ke cikin wannan tsari zai haifar da isasshen haske ga kyamara don dalilin ganowa.Ba za ku taɓa sanin daidai lokacin da kyamarar za ta iya jawowa ba kuma za ta iya ɗaukar cikakken lokacin zai bambanta sosai.Don haka a lokacin, za a aika siginar zuwa wani yanki na musamman kuma mutum zai iya zaɓar tsarin kyamarar da ya dace.

Kammalawa

Daga tattaunawar da ke sama, tsarin kyamarar USB yana da ayyuka gabaɗaya kuma yana haɗuwa tare da tsarin zuƙowa ta atomatik.Tsayayyen mayar da hankali na tsarin kyamarar USB yana da ruwan tabarau, tushe madubi, da'irar haɗaɗɗen hotuna, da sauransu.Dole ne masu amfani su nemo bambanci tsakanin kebul da na'urorin kamara na MIPI.

A ƙirar kyamara ta musammanya fi dacewa da haɓaka sabbin aikace-aikace.Saboda ƙirar kyamarar da aka keɓance na iya zama tushen ginin bisa ƙayyadaddun buƙatun.Daga ci gaban yanayin kamara za mu iya koya: Na farko, pixel (miliyan 13, 16), firikwensin hoto mai inganci (CMOS), saurin watsawa (USB2.0, USB3.0, da sauran musaya masu sauri) kamara zai zama yanayin gaba;Na biyu gyare-gyare da ƙwarewa (an yi amfani da shi azaman na'urar shigar da bidiyo ta ƙwararru kawai), ayyuka masu yawa (tare da sauran ayyuka, kamar filasha mai rakiyar, yanayin zuwa kyamarori na dijital, kuma ana iya tunanin cewa kamara na iya samun aikin na'urar daukar hotan takardu). a nan gaba), da sauransu. Na uku, ƙwarewar mai amfani yana da mahimmanci, ƙarin abokantaka mai amfani, sauƙin amfani, da ƙarin ayyuka na aikace-aikacen su ne ainihin bukatun abokan ciniki.